\t\teSnips Social DNA 1. Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n L\u00ea Thi\u1ebfu Nh\u01a1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Phan Th\u1ecb V\u00e0ng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao gi\u1ea3i.
V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 th\u01a1\/ nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u0103n xu\u00f4i. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft v\u0103n xu\u00f4i? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu hay coi th\u01b0\u1eddng khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u0103n xu\u00f4i l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft th\u01a1.
\u201cC\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn vi\u1ebft v\u0103n xu\u00f4i, trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i l\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm khi vi\u1ebft th\u01a1. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca nh\u01b0 Brodsky n\u00f3i\u2026C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec vi\u1ebft th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n vi\u1ebft v\u0103n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00ed v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca- do th\u01a1 ca v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1; m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1i m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u0103n xu\u00f4i m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc gi\u1edd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft th\u01a1 n\u1eefa\u2026
Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, vi\u1ebft th\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb (Joyce, Beckett, Nabokov\u2026) hay m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tay tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (Borges, Updike\u2026). L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft th\u01a1, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 th\u01a1 hay. Lawrence v\u00e0 Brecht \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1. L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n (b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n) trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u0103n xu\u00f4i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Thomas Hardy- v\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00e0y t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft th\u01a1 (Hardy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u0103n xu\u00f4i. \u00d4ng ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 th\u01a1). Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 L\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi th\u01a1 ca, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng th\u1ebf; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nga.
Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7- \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh gi\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: T\u1eeb Blok cho t\u1edbi Brodsky, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn Nga \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi L\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1: Coleridge, Baudelaire, Val\u00e9ry , Eliot\u2026\"
V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft v\u0103n xu\u00f4i
\u201cTrong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh v\u0103n xu\u00f4i ri\u00eang bi\u00eat: thi\u1ebfu ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft, t\u0129nh l\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u1edf ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 (hay n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c th\u01a1 ca)\u2026V\u0103n xu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u00f4i s\u1ee5c, d\u1ed3n n\u00e8n, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh kh\u00ed. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nh\u00e0 th\u01a1.
Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hai d\u1ea1ng k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. D\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 hai, c\u0169ng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n dung v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n (th\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n, hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y) hay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau (cha hay \u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n)\u2026 V\u0103n xu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d
(l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Susan Sontag- A Poet\u2019s Prose).
2. Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft cho ai?
\u201cNh\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u00e1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cho ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho ai c\u00e1 . T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang: nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f4m nay vi\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2m ch\u00edch kia v\u1ec1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f3c d\u1ea1ng\u2026.
Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u00e1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u1ecbt r\u00e0ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c truy t\u00ecm c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e0y trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.\u201d
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